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Box 15-4

Caution!

In addition to the signs and symptoms related to the underlying disorder, a patient with excessive GI fluid loss may show these signs and symptoms of hypovolemia:

  • changes in respiration
  • weight loss
  • confusion or deteriorated mental status
  • cool, dry, pale skin
  • muscle cramps
  • decreased blood pressure
  • decreased/tenting skin turgor or sunken eyeballs
  • decreased output with concentrated urine
  • possible arrhythmias
  • tachycardia
  • weakness.