Anesthetic complications include obstruction of the ETT, inadvertent extubation during the procedure or positioning (neck extension), and cardiac arrest. Postanesthetic complications include airway obstruction, bleeding with or without aspiration, and pneumonia. Complications unrelated to anesthetic management include wound healing, diarrhea, and otitis media. The mortality rate has been reported to be less than 0.5%.

References

• Schindler E, Martini M, Messing-Jünger M. Anesthesia for Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery. In: Andropoulous DB & Gregory GA, ed. Gregory's Pediatric Anesthesia. 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2020: 924 - 925.