Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathways involved in bronchodilator action.

3′,5′, cAMP, cyclic 3′,5′ adenosine monophosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; PDE, phosphodiesterase.

(Reprinted with permission from HirshmanC. Airway reactivity in humans. Anesthetic implications. Anesthesiology. 1983;58:170-177.)