Answer:

In addition to the routine systemic examinations of all organ systems, special attention should be paid to the cardiovascular status.

• Renal function—urinalysis, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine

• The routine evaluation of hepatic function is not standard. Patients who should have testing to evaluate hepatic function include those with a previous history of hepatitis, jaundice, or a history of drug abuse.

• Pulmonary function—chest x-ray film, baseline arterial blood gases, and spirometry if indicated

• Hematologic function—complete blood count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelets (platelet function if available and/or indicated; namely, for those patients previously receiving antiplatelet therapy)

• Metabolism—electrolytes and blood sugar

• Cardiovascular function—computed tomography (CT) scan absolutely indicated in redo sternotomy to investigate the proximity of the sternum to the anterior surface of the heart, resting and exercise ECG (if a stress test was performed preoperatively), cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography, location and severity of coronary occlusion, echocardiography, and left ventricular function (from catheterization, magnetic resonance imaging, enhanced multidetector CT, and/or echocardiography)

• Kaplan JA, Augoustides JGT, Manecke GR, et al, eds. Kaplan’s Cardiac Anesthesia for Cardiac and Noncardiac Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:3-19.