section name header

General Reference ⬇

(Nejm 1998;338:107)

Pathophys and Cause ⬆ ⬇

Cause:Hyperventilation, voluntary or iatrogenic

see Figure 17.1 for description of Metabolic and Respiratory Components of Acid-Base Balance

Signs and Symptoms ⬆ ⬇

Sx:Tetany

Complications ⬆ ⬇

Rare since most never incr pH >7.55

Treatment ⬆

Rx: Increase dead space, eg, with bag breathing; or slow rate and/or depth