No tenderness at the posterior midline of the cervical spine | True False |
No focal neurologic deficit | True False |
Normal level of alertness | True False |
No evidence of intoxication | True False |
No clinically apparent painful distracting injury | True False |
Cervical radiography following blunt trauma is extremely common. However, eliminating unnecessary radiographs by clinical criteria is recommended in appropriate cases.
The National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) was a major study used to validate this set of criteria and tested prospectively that patients who meet all 5 criteria listed below have very low probability of "clinically significant injury to the cervical spine."
The study by Hoffman et al., involved 21 centers, with 34,069 patients who received C-spine radiography following blunt trauma. These criteria identified all but 8 of the 818 patients who had cervical spine injury. Sensitivity was 99.0% and negative predictive value of 99.8%.
The 5 criteria
Reference:
Hoffman JR, et al. Selective cervical spine radiography in blunt trauma: methodology of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS). Ann Emerg Med 1998;32:461-9.
Hoffman, JR, et al. Validity of a Set of Clinical Criteria to Rule Out Injury to the Cervical Spine in Patients with Blunt Trauma. NEJM. 2000 July 13;343:94-9.
Hoffman JR, et al. Low-risk criteria for cervical-spine radiography in blunt trauma: a prospective study. Ann Emerg Med 1992;12:1454-60.