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General Reference ⬇

(Nejm 1998;338:1369)

Pathophys and Cause ⬆ ⬇

Cause: SVT (Afib, AVNRT, AVRT), Vtach, PVCs, anxiety/panic disorder

W/u:H+P, EKG, Holter or event monitor, ? electrophysiologic testing

Treatment ⬆

Rx: beta.gif-blockers for nonspecific rx