section name header

General Reference

Nejm 2004;351:799

Pathophys and Cause

Cause:

Cutaneous, "creeping eruption": Ancylostoma brazilienseand caninum

Visceral: Toxocara canis and raccoon ascaris

Pathophys:

Cutaneous: larvae in skin cause local inflammation; can't penetrate dermal/epidermal junction

Visceral: worms invade viscera where permanent granulomas form

Epidemiology

Cutaneous: dog and cat hookworm larvae penetrate skin but never get into circulation; children get when crawl under buildings

Visceral: ingestion of dog feces w eggs; 20% of US dogs have it. Eggs survive several winters. 10% of adults in US have serologic evidence of it

Signs and Symptoms

Sx:

Cutaneous: raised itchy areas of skin up to 2 wk after exposure

Visceral: age 1-4 yr usually; often asx or erratic fever, anorexia, rash, seizures, wheezing, cough

Si:

Cutaneous: rash

Visceral: hepatosplenomegaly, tumor-like growths in eye in older children

Course

Cutaneous: self-limited, × several wk

Visceral: self-limited

Complications

Visceral: eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (Nejm 1985;312:1619)

Lab and Xray

Lab:

Hem:Eosinophilia in both types

Path:Visceral: bx (usually not justified since benign crs) of liver, lungs, CNS, muscle show eosinophilic granulomas

Serol:Visceral: titer gteq.gif1/32 (98% sens, 92% spec) get kit from CDC

Stool:No eggs in either type

Treatment

Rx:

Cutaneous: ivermectin or albendazole

Visceral: diethylcarbamazine 2 mg/kg tid × 7-10 d; or albendazole; or mebendazole. Steroids for eye disease