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General Reference ⬇

Bmj 2003;326:1372

Pathophys and Cause ⬆ ⬇

Cause:Atherosclerotic disease w low-flow states; embolic

Pathophys:Typically, low-flow state; acutely partial or full inferior mesenteric artery occlusion

Signs and Symptoms ⬆ ⬇

Sx:Crampy and often bloody diarrhea

Si:Guaiac-positive stool

Course ⬆ ⬇

After initial acute illness, gradual scarring with lumen narrowing, which gradually normalizes, some progress to chronicity due to microscopic damage to vessels

Complications ⬆ ⬇

Strictures sometimes, although most heal

Lab and Xray ⬆ ⬇

Lab: Noninv:Endoscopy w bx quite specif

Xray:Abdominal xray typically nonspecific, segmental dilation, pneumatosis. CT preferred; shows thromboembolism of mesenteric vessels, intramural or portal venous gas, segmental thickening of the bowel wall, absence of bowel wall enhancement with contrast-enhanced CT, mucosal edema (thumbprinting), possibly bowel dilatation proximal to the ischemic segment of the bowel

Treatment ⬆

Rx:Surgery usually not necessary; watch for stricture later