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General Reference

Nejm 2009:361:1776; Am Geo Soc 2009;57:375; Ann IM 1982;96:756; Am J Publ Hlth 1982;72:1329

Pathophys and Cause

Pathophys: Small bowel invasion

Epidemiology

Epidemic, 1/2 of all nonbacterial epidemics; spread by fecal—oral route, eg, contaminated oysters (Jama 1995;273:466); a calcivirus

Signs and Symptoms

Sx:Incubation period 24-48 h

Si: No fever, no fecal leukocytes present, vomiting > diarrhea in children, reverse in adults, big issue in NHs; r/o other viral gastroenteritis causes (Nejm 1991;325:252) including rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and astrovirus, esp in small children (Nejm 1991;324:1757)

Treatment

Rx: Rehydration and supportive care