These antibody tests detect parvovirus B19, the only parvovirus known to cause human disease. The B19 virus destroys red blood cell precursor cells and interferes with normal red blood cell production. In young children, it is associated with erythema infectiosum, a mild, self-limited disease characterized by a low-grade fever and rash. It has also been associated with aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia and in immunodeficient patients who have bone marrow failure.
Collect a 7-mL blood serum sample in a red-topped tube. Observe standard precautions.
Label the specimen with the patient’s name, date, and test(s) ordered and place in a biohazard bag for transport to the laboratory.
Positive parvovirus B19 infection has been implicated in aplastic anemia associated with organ transplantation. It is recommended, therefore, that this test be included in the serologic assessment of prospective organ donors.
Immunocompromised patients may have a delayed or absent antibody response. It is recommended that parvovirus DNA detection by PCR be considered.
Pretest Patient Care
Assess patient’s knowledge regarding test. Explain purpose and blood test procedure. Advise any prospective organ donor that this test is part of a panel of tests performed before organ donation to protect the organ recipient from potential infection.
Follow guidelines in Chapter 1 for safe, effective, informed pretest care.
Posttest Patient Care
Review test results; report and record findings. Modify the nursing care plan as needed. Counsel the patient regarding abnormal findings; explain the need for possible follow-up testing and treatment. See Interpreting Results of Immunologic Tests.
Follow guidelines in Chapter 1 for safe, effective, informed posttest care.