All drugs and solutions administered during diagnostic procedures are given according to established protocols. Drugs can be given by mouth, inhalation, intubation, parenterally (intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously), rectally, and by local or topical skin applications. IV fluids and endoscopic irrigating fluids are commonly administered.

Be cognizant of the potential for adverse reactions to drugs. Assess for previous drug problems with the patient before the procedure. Risks for injury are related to hypersensitivity, allergic or toxic reactions, impaired drug tolerance due to liver or kidney malfunction, extravasation of IV fluids, and absorption of irrigating fluids into the systemic circulation. Required skills include managing airways and breathing patterns; monitoring fluid intake and loss; monitoring body, skin, and core temperature; and observing the effects of sedation and analgesia (e.g., vital signs, rashes, edema). Use tape with caution, especially when skin integrity can be easily compromised, as in frail older patients.