Latex-containing medical equipment includes gloves, catheters, and bandages, among many others. Millions of people, especially those in the healthcare profession, are susceptible to allergic reactions ranging from mild to severe when exposed to such products. It is recommended that patients at risk for latex allergy be tested before undergoing medical procedures that would expose them to latex. High-risk groups include healthcare workers, workers with industrial exposure to latex, children with spina bifida or urologic abnormalities due to high exposure to latex, and people who have undergone multiple surgeries.

This test identifies IgE-mediated latex allergy (type I) and not irritation or cell-mediated contact dermatitis (type IV) reaction to latex. The method for testing is EIA, in which the color reaction measured is directly related to the amount of IgE specific for the test allergen in the sample.

• Negative for latex allergen: <0.35 IU/mL by EIA

• Positive for latex allergen: >0.35 IU/mL

1. Collect a 7-mL blood serum sample in a red-topped tube. Observe standard precautions.

2. Label the specimen with the patient’s name, date, and test(s) ordered and place in a biohazard bag for transport to the laboratory.

1. Positive results are strongly associated with a latex allergy.

2. In studies comparing latex-specific IgE results with clinical history, symptoms, and other confirmatory tests, the sensitivity has been >80% and the specificity >90%.

Pretest Patient Care

1. Explain test purpose and procedure. Positive history for latex sensitivity may include the following factors:

   1. Swelling or itching from latex exposure

   2. Hand eczema

   3. Previously unexplained anaphylaxis

   4. Oral itching from cross-reactive foods (e.g., banana, kiwi, avocado, chestnuts)

   5. Multiple surgical procedures in infancy

2. Follow guidelines in Chapter 1 for safe, effective, informed pretest care.