Table 3.9 describes the meaning of urine crystal findings.
Clinical Alert
Specific drugs (most commonly, ampicillin and sulfonamides) can cause increased levels of their own crystals, which could be a sign of improper hydration
A variety of crystals may appear in the urine. They can be identified by their specific appearance and solubility characteristics. Crystals in the urine may present no symptoms, or they may be associated with the formation of urinary tract calculi and give rise to clinical manifestations associated with partial or complete obstruction of urine flow.
The type and quantity of crystalline precipitate varies with the pH of the urine. Amorphous crystalline material has no significance and forms as normal urine cools.
Observe the Procedure for Microscopic Urine Examination on pages xxx through xxx of this chapter. Crystal identification should be done on freshly voided specimens.
Examine the urinary sediment microscopically under high power.
The pH of the urine is an important aid to identification of crystals and must be noted.
The problems associated with the identification of abnormal crystals can be resolved by a check on the medications the patient is receiving, saving considerable time and energy.
Table 3.9 describes the meaning of urine crystal findings.
Clinical Alert
Specific drugs (most commonly, ampicillin and sulfonamides) can cause increased levels of their own crystals, which could be a sign of improper hydration
Pretest Patient Care
Explain purpose of test, procedure for random urine sample collection, and interfering factors.
Follow guidelines in Chapter 1 for safe, effective, informed pretest care.
Posttest Patient Care
Review test results; report and record findings. Modify the nursing care plan as needed. Monitor appropriately. Counsel the patient regarding abnormal findings.
Follow guidelines in Chapter 1 for safe, effective, informed posttest care.
Refrigerated urine will precipitate out many crystals because the solubility properties of the compound are altered.
Urine left standing at room temperature will also cause precipitation of crystals or the dissolving of the crystals.
Radiographic dye can cause crystals in improperly hydrated patients. These resemble uric acid crystals and can be suspected in specimens that have an abnormally high SG (>1.030).