Obtain a relevant, current health history; perform a physical assessment if indicated. Identify conditions that could influence the actual testing process or test outcomes (e.g., pregnancy, diabetes, cultural needs, language barrier, physical impairment, or altered mental state).

1. Perform a risk assessment for potential injury, adverse event, or noncompliance. A risk assessment before testing identifies risk-prone patients and helps to prevent complications. Factors that increase a patient’s risk for complications and may affect test outcomes are listed in Chart 1.3.

2. Identify contraindications to testing such as allergies (e.g., iodine, latex, medications, contrast media). Records of previous diagnostic procedures may provide pertinent information.

3. Assess for coping styles, knowledge deficit, and teaching needs.

4. Assess fears and phobias (e.g., claustrophobia, panic attack, fear of needles and blood). Ascertain what strategies the patient uses to deal with these reactions and try to accommodate these.

5. Observe standard precautions with every patient (Appendix A), or other infection control measures, as appropriate.

6. Document relevant data. Address patient concerns and questions. This information adds to the database for collaborative problem-solving activities among the medical, laboratory-diagnostic, and nursing disciplines.