The patient’s medical records should be reviewed for previous radiologic studies in order to minimize the potential for unwarranted repeat studies.

The size or area irradiated must be carefully adjusted so that no extra tissue than necessary is exposed to the x-irradiation. Collimators (shutters), cones, or lead diaphragms can ensure proper sizing and x-ray exposure area.

Fluoroscopy yields a higher dose of radiation than x-rays or CT studies. Significant dose reduction is achieved by employing pulsed digital fluoroscopy.

The gonads should be shielded in both female and male patients of childbearing age unless the examination involves the abdomen or gonad areas.

The primary x-ray beam should pass through layers of aluminum adequate to filter out low-energy radiation while still providing detailed images.

Staff in the radiology department should wear lead aprons (and thyroid shields and gloves if indicated) when not within a shielded booth during x-ray exposures. Patients should be shielded appropriately insofar as the procedure allows.

The x-ray tube housing should be checked periodically to detect radiation leakage and to indicate when repairs or adjustments are necessary.