Standard urine specimens for UA can be collected any time, whereas first morning, fasting, and timed specimens require collection at specific times of day. Patient preparation and education needs vary according to the type of specimen required (Table 3.2) and the patient’s ability to cooperate with specimen collection. Clear instructions and assessment of the patient’s understanding of the process are key to a successful outcome. Assess the patient’s usual urination patterns and encourage fluid intake (unless contraindicated). Provide verbal and written directions for self-collection of specimens. Assess for presence of interfering factors: Failure to follow collection instructions, inadequate fluid intake, certain medications, and patient use of illegal drugs may affect test results. Certain foods, or any type of food consumption in some instances, may also affect test results.
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