Prepare the patient correctly. This preparation begins at the time of scheduling and extends to the testing facility.
Provide information about the testing site and give directions for locating the facility.
Tell the patient to plan to be at the department 15 minutes before testing if the test is scheduled for a specific time. Upon arrival, properly identify the patient by at least two identifiers (e.g., ask the patient to state their full name and spell the last name and provide their date of birth). Once the patient’s identity has been confirmed, have the patient review any preprinted labels that may be used to label laboratory specimens or wristband if appropriate. Review and clearly explain all pretest instructions with the patient (e.g., if the patient is given fasting directions for a test, explain what fasting actually means).
Be cognizant of special needs of the patient with physical limitations or disabilities, ostomies, or diabetes; children; older patients; and patients with diverse cultural needs or limited health literacy.
Give simple, accurate, precise instructions (scripted) according to the patient’s level of understanding. For example, the patient needs to know when and what to eat and drink or how long to fast.
Encourage dialogue about fears and apprehensions. Walking a patient through the procedure using imagery and relaxation techniques may help the patient to cope with anxieties. Never underestimate the value of a caring, supportive presence.
Assess for the patient’s ability to read and understand instructions. Poor eyesight or hearing difficulties may impair understanding and compliance. Speak slowly and clearly. Do not overload the patient with information. Instruct the patient to use assistive devices such as eyeglasses and hearing aids if necessary. Clear, written instructions can reinforce verbal instructions and should be provided whenever possible. In some cases, a translator, sign language interpreter, or legal representative may be necessary.
Assess for language and cultural barriers. Patients behave according to personal values, perceptions, beliefs, traditions, and cultural and ethnic influences. Take these into consideration and value the patient’s uniqueness to the highest degree possible.
Document accurately in all testing phases.