Overview of Basic Blood, Hematology, and Coagulation Tests / 50
Composition of Blood / 50
Blood Tests / 51
Blood Specimen Collection Procedures / 51
Capillary Puncture (Skin Puncture) / 51
Venipuncture / 52
Arterial Puncture / 55
Bone Marrow Aspiration / 58
Basic Blood Test / 61
Complete Blood Count (CBC)/Hemogram / 61
Tests Of White Blood Cells / 64
White Blood Cell (WBC) Count (Leukocyte Count) / 64
Differential White Blood Cell Count (Diff; Differential Leukocyte Count) / 67
Function of Circulating White Blood Cells According to Leukocyte Type / 68
Differential for Leukocyte Count / 68
Segmented Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils, PMNs, Segs, Polys) / 68
Eosinophils / 72
Basophils / 74
Monocytes (Monomorphonuclear Monocytes) / 75
Lymphocytes (Monomorphonuclear Lymphocytes); CD4, CD8 Count; Plasma Cells / 76
Abnormal Lymphocytes / 78
Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping (T and B Cells) / 79
Stains for Leukemias / 81
Sudan Black B (SBB) Stain / 81
Periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS) Stain / 82
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TDT) Stain / 83
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) Stain / 84
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) Stain / 85
Tests for Red Blood Cells (RBCS) / 86
RBC Count (Erythrocyte Count) / 86
Hematocrit (Hct); Packed Cell Volume (PCV) / 88
Hemoglobin (Hb) / 90
Red Blood Cell Indices / 95
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) / 96
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) / 97
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) / 98
Red Cell Size Distribution Width (RDW) / 98
Stained Red Cell Examination (Film; Stained Erythrocyte Examination) / 99
Reticulocyte Count / 100
Sedimentation Rate (Sed Rate); Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) / 104
Tests for Porphyria / 106
Erythropoietic Porphyrins; Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (FEP) / 106
Porphyrins; Fractionation of Erythrocytes and of Plasma / 107
Tests for Hemolytic Anemia / 109
Pyruvate Kinase (PK) / 109
Erythrocyte Fragility (Osmotic Fragility and Autohemolysis) / 110
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) / 111
Heinz Bodies; Heinz Stain; Glutathione Instability / 113
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) / 114
Tests for Anemia / 115
Vitamin B12 (VB12) / 115
Folic Acid (Folate) / 116
Erythropoietin (EPO) / 118
Iron Tests / 120
Iron (Fe), Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), and Transferrin Tests / 120
Ferritin / 123
Iron Stain (Stainable Iron in Bone Marrow; Prussian Blue Stain) / 125
Tests for Hemoglobin Disorders / 126
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis / 126
Fetal Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin F; Alkali-Resistant Hemoglobin) / 126
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) / 127
Hemoglobin S (Sickle Cell Test; Sickledex) / 128
Methemoglobin (Hemoglobin M) / 130
Sulfhemoglobin / 132
Carboxyhemoglobin; Carbon Monoxide (CO) / 133
Myoglobin (Mb) / 134
Haptoglobin (Hp) / 135
Bart Hemoglobin / 137
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Test; Acid Hemolysis Test; Ham Test / 137
Tests of Hemostasis and Coagulation / 138
Hypercoagulability States / 140
Disorders of Hemostasis / 140
Tests for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) / 142
Bleeding Time (Ivy Method; Template Bleeding Time) / 146
Platelet Count; Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) / 148
Platelet Aggregation / 150
Thrombin Time (TT); Thrombin Clotting Time (TCT) / 152
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT); Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) / 155
Activated Clotting Time (ACT) / 158
Prothrombin Time (Pro Time; PT) / 158
Coagulant Factors (Factor Assay) / 162
Plasminogen (Plasmin; Fibrinolysin) / 164
Fibrinolysis (Euglobulin Lysis Time [ELT]; Diluted Whole Blood Clot Lysis) / 165
Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs); Fibrin Split Products (FSPs) / 167
d-Dimer / 168
Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) / 169
Prothrombin Fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) / 170
Fibrin Monomers (Protamine Sulfate Test; Fibrin Split Products) / 171
Fibrinogen / 172
Protein C (PC Antigen) / 173
Protein S / 175
Antithrombin III (AT III; Heparin Cofactor Activity) / 176