Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation - Flowchart
Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation - Flowchart Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation
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Extracardiac factors:


Hypertension
Obesity
Sleep apnea
Hyperthyroidism
Alcohol/drugs

Extracardiac factors:

Extracardiac factors:


Hypertension
Obesity
Sleep apnea
Hyperthyroidism
Alcohol/drugs


Hypertension
Obesity
Sleep apnea
Hyperthyroidism
Alcohol/drugs Extracardiac factors:

Atrial tachycardia remodeling

Atrial tachycardia remodeling

Atrial tachycardia remodeling

Genetic variants:


Channelopathy
Cardiomyopathy

Genetic variants:

Genetic variants:


Channelopathy
Cardiomyopathy


Channelopathy
Cardiomyopathy Genetic variants

Autonomic nervous system activation

Autonomic nervous system activation

Autonomic nervous system activation

RAAS activation

RAAS activation

RAAS activation

Inflammation oxidative stress

Inflammation oxidative stress

Inflammation oxidative stress

Atrial structural abnormalities:


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy

Atrial structural abnormalities:


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy

Atrial structural abnormalities:

Atrial structural abnormalities:


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy

Atrial electrical abnormalities:


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling

Atrial electrical abnormalities:


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling

Atrial electrical abnormalities:

Atrial electrical abnormalities:


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling 2+

Atrial fibrillation

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Atrial fibrillation

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Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation

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End

End

Atrial structural abnormalities:


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy

Atrial structural abnormalities:

Atrial structural abnormalities:


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy


Fibrosis
Dilation
Ischemia
Infiltration
Hypertrophy Atrial structural abnormalities

Atrial electrical abnormalities:


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling

Atrial electrical abnormalities:

Atrial electrical abnormalities:


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling


Heterogeneity
Conduction
Action potential duration/refractoriness
Automaticity
Abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling 2+ Atrial electrical abnormalities: