Nutrition plays an important role in the development, management, and treatment of oral and dental diseases. Inadequate or inappropriate dietary intake of certain nutritional components may have a direct effect on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity, such as in the development and structure of the teeth and the health of the oral mucosa. By understanding the role of nutrition, including breastfeeding, in oral health and dental disease, pediatricians and their patients can be better informed on the maintenance of oral health and the prevention of dental disease. This chapter reviews the link between nutrition and dental disease, and the effect specific micronutrient deficiencies and chronic childhood diseases can have on oral and dental health.