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Table 100.10

Causes of Pancytopenia

Mechanism of pancytopeniaCausative diseases*
Reduced synthesis (bone marrow failure)

Chemo/radiotherapy

Marrow infiltration due to non-haematological malignancy

Haematological malignancy

Megaloblastic anaemia

Panhypopituitarism

Idiopathic aplastic anaemia

Increased destruction

Splenic sequestration (e.g. due to splenomegaly of any aetiology)

Drug-induced immune destruction

Haemophagocytic syndrome/macrophage activating syndrome

Complex pathology

HIV infection

Hepatitis B/C

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

Systemic immune disorders (e.g. SLE)

Storage disorders

* See Table 101.5 for clues from the blood film.