- Cardioembolic
- Atrial fibrillation (thrombus in left atrium)
- Left ventricular mural thrombus
- Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale
- Embolism from infective endocarditis
- Atrial myxoma
- Atherothromboembolic
- Carotid atheroma
- Vertebral atheroma
- Cerebral artery occlusion (may complicate aortic dissection)
- Cervical artery dissection
- Small vessel disease
- Hypertensive arterial disease
- Diabetic vasculopathy
- Cerebral vasculitis
- Others
- CADASIL syndrome (cerebral autosomal dominary arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
- MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (see Chapter 67)
- Aneurysm
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Parenchymal haemorrhage
- Hypertensive arterial disease
- Amyloid angiopathy
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Bleeding disorder (see Chapter 102)
- Haemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction (commonly seen in infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis)
- Reperfusion after carotid endarterectomy/angioplasty
- Mycotic aneurysm complicating infective endocarditis