Stroke

Mass lesion with brainstem compression

Encephalitis

Central pontine myelinolysis

Sedative drugs

Spinal cord/cauda equina/root compression (see Chapter 70)

Transverse myelitis

Anterior spinal artery occlusion

Haematomyelia

Poliomyelitis

Rabies

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Critical illness neuropathy

Toxins (heavy metals, biological toxins or drug intoxication)

Acute intermittent porphyria

Vasculitis (with mononeuritis multiplex)

Lymphomatous neuropathy

Diphtheria

Myasthenia gravis

Lambert-Eaton syndrome

Botulism

Biological or industrial toxins

Hypokalaemia

Hypophosphataemia

Hypomagnesaemia

Inflammatory myopathy

Critical illness myopathy

Acute rhabdomyolysis (see Appendix 25.1)

Trichinosis

Periodic paralyses