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Table 27.1

Causes of Urticaria

Acute urticaria
IgE mediatedFor example food allergy, drugs, latex
DrugsFor example betalactam antibiotics, NSAIDs
Infection
Idiopathic
Chronic urticaria
Inducible (physical) urticariaFor example cold, exercise, solar, pressure, delayed vibration, aquagenic
Chronic infectionFor example H. pylori, cholecystitis, parasitic infestation, hepatitis B and C, dental caries and gingivitis
Autoimmune

Antibody directed at FcϵR1α or IgE on mast cells

Thyroid autoimmunity (patient usually euthyroid)

Stress
Miscellaneous

Urticaria pigmentosa

CAPS (cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndrome)

Dietary pseudoallergens

Spontaneous (idiopathic)