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Table 110.2

Specific Causes of Breathlessness and Their Management

CauseManagement
HypoxiaOxygen (see Chapter 118)
InfectionAntibiotics (see Chapters 62 and 63)
Pulmonary embolismAnticoagulation (see Chapter 103)
BronchospasmBeta-2 agonist by nebuliser (see Chapters 60 and 61)
Pleural effusionDrainage of effusion (see Chapters 12 and 122)
Heart failureDiuretic, ACE-inhibitor (see Chapters 47 and 48)
AnaemiaBlood transfusion
Pericardial effusionPericardiocentesis (Chapter 120)