Specific Causes of Breathlessness and Their Management
| Cause | Management |
|---|---|
| Hypoxia | Oxygen (see Chapter 118) |
| Infection | Antibiotics (see Chapters 62 and 63) |
| Pulmonary embolism | Anticoagulation (see Chapter 103) |
| Bronchospasm | Beta-2 agonist by nebuliser (see Chapters 60 and 61) |
| Pleural effusion | Drainage of effusion (see Chapters 12 and 122) |
| Heart failure | Diuretic, ACE-inhibitor (see Chapters 47 and 48) |
| Anaemia | Blood transfusion |
| Pericardial effusion | Pericardiocentesis (Chapter 120) |