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Table 48.3

Causes of Acute Heart Failure

Myocardial ischaemia infarction

  • Acute coronary syndrome (due to atherosclerotic or non-atherosclerotic coronary disease (e.g. coronary artery dissection or embolism)
  • Mechanical complication of myocardial infarction
Stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome)

Acute myocarditis

Global left ventricular hypokinesis from other causes

  • Related to persistent tachyarrhythmia
  • Severe hypertension
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy/end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Septic cardiomyopathy
  • Post-cardiac arrest
  • Complicating multi-organ failure

Severe valve disease (see Chapter51)

  • Severe aortic/mitral stenosis
  • Acute severe aortic/mitral regurgitation