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Table 2.5

Echocardiographic Findings in Hypotension

Cause of hypotensionIVCLV sizeLV contractionRV sizeRV contraction
HypovolaemiaFlatSmallIncreasedSmallIncreased
SepsisFlatNormal or largeNormal, reduced or increasedNormal or largeNormal or reduced
LV dysfunction due to ischaemiaNormal or dilatedLargeReduced regionally or globallyNormalNormal (unless associated RV infarction)
Acute major pulmonary embolismDilatedNormal or smallNormal or increasedLargeReduced
Cardiac tamponadeDilatedNormal or smallNormal or increasedNormal or smallDiastolic free wall collapse
RV infarctionDilatedNormal or large if associated LV inferior infarctionNormal or reduced if associated inferior infarctionLargeReduced

IVC, inferior vena cava; LV, left ventricular; RV, right ventricular.