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Box 89.1

Classification of Plasma Phosphate Concentration

Plasma phosphate concentration (mmol/L)ClassificationClinical features
>3.0Severe hyperphosphataemiaHypocalcaemia, tetany
2.0–3.0Moderate hyperphosphataemiaMay be asymptomatic
1.2–2.0Mild hyperphosphataemiaUsually asymptomatic
0.7–1.2Normal range
0.5–0.7Mild hypophosphataemiaUsually asymptomatic
0.3–0.5Moderate hypophosphataemiaMay be asymptomatic
<0.3Severe hypophosphataemia

Rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, seizures, coma

Haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, cardiac arrhythmias

Hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia