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Table 100.6

Polycythaemia (Erythrocytosis)

Mechanism of polycythaemiaDiseases
Erythropoietin secretion due to chronic tissue hypoxia

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure

Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome

Right-to-left intracardiac shunts

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

High altitude

Red cell defects

High oxygen-affinity haemoglobins

Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning

Congenital methaemoglobinaemia

Erythropoietin secretion not due to hypoxia

Renal cell carcinoma

Cerebellar haemangioblastoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Uterine fibroids

Phaeochromocytoma

Polycystic kidney disease

Chuvash polycythaemia (VHL gene mutation)

Germline and somatic mutational causes of polycythaemia

Polycythaemia vera (JAK2 mutation)

Idiopathic familial polycythaemia

Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) deficiency

Activating mutations of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR gene)

Hormonal stimulus

Androgens

Anabolic steroid

Cushing's syndrome

Haemoconcentration

Dehydration

Diuretic therapy