Polycythaemia (Erythrocytosis)
Mechanism of polycythaemia | Diseases |
---|---|
Erythropoietin secretion due to chronic tissue hypoxia | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome Right-to-left intracardiac shunts Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations High altitude Red cell defects High oxygen-affinity haemoglobins Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning Congenital methaemoglobinaemia |
Erythropoietin secretion not due to hypoxia | Renal cell carcinoma Cerebellar haemangioblastoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Uterine fibroids Phaeochromocytoma Polycystic kidney disease Chuvash polycythaemia (VHL gene mutation) |
Germline and somatic mutational causes of polycythaemia | Polycythaemia vera (JAK2 mutation) Idiopathic familial polycythaemia Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) deficiency Activating mutations of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR gene) |
Hormonal stimulus | Androgens Anabolic steroid Cushing's syndrome |
Haemoconcentration | Dehydration Diuretic therapy |