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Table 69.1

Causes of Fever with Headache, Abnormal Behaviour or Reduced Conscious Level

Intracranial infection

Viral encephalitis

Other infectious causes of encephalitis

Bacterial meningitis (Chapter 68)

Tuberculous meningitis (Appendix 68.1)

Cryptococcal meningitis (Appendix 68.2)

Subdural empyema

Brain abscess

Systemic infection

Septic encephalopathy

Infective endocarditis

Mycoplasma and Legionella infection

Syphilis, Lyme disease, leptospirosis

Cerebral malaria

Non-infectious

Poisoning (e.g. with amphetamine or cocaine)

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (Chapter 106)

Cerebral vasculitis

Cerebral venous thrombosis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (seen in young adults; usually follows infection)

Auto-immune encephalitis (fever seen in 50% cases)

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Appendix 69.2)

Acute intermittent porphyria

Heatstroke