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Table 1

Possible MSA-C
  • Rapidly progressive parkinsonism
  • Postural instability within 3 years of motor onset
  • Gait ataxia, cerebellar dysarthria, limb ataxia, or cerebellar oculomotor dysfunction
  • Dysphagia within 5 years of motor onset
  • Atrophy on MRI of putamen, middle cerebellar peduncle, pons, or cerebellum
  • Hypometabolism on FDG-PET in putamen, brainstem, or cerebellum
Possible MSA-P
  • Parkinsonism (bradykinesia and rigidity)
  • Poor response to levodopa
  • Atrophy on MRI of putamen, middle cerebellar peduncle, or pons
  • Hypometabolism on FDG-PET in putamen
  • Presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation on SPECT or PET

FDG, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. From Reference (1).