Opportunity to enhance musculoskeletal health associated with client request to be more mobile
Teach client the importance of maintaining an ideal weight. Explain the importance of doing weight-bearing and muscle-toning exercises at least three times per week. Encourage client to wear seat belts in vehicles, to wear low, well-fitted shoes, and to use walking aids (e.g., cane) as needed to prevent injury. Caution client against the dangerous effects of excessive exercise. Teach proper body mechanics and correct posture.
Chronic pain (muscles and joints) associated with rheumatoid arthritis)
Discuss independent pain management measures the client may find useful (e.g., massage, relaxation, distraction). Weight loss may also reduce discomfort if obesity is straining the bones, muscles, and joints. Explain use and side effects of pain medications.
Rheumatoid arthritis pain and symptoms are varied and may include burning and/or throbbing on both sides of the body that may worsen after sitting for long periods; there may be an inconsistent pattern of worse and less pain, with a feeling of heat and soreness in joints, as well as weak muscles, feeling tired or depressed, weight loss, decreased appetite, slight elevated temperature, swollen glands, and significant stiffness in the morning that persists at least an hour (Rodriguez, 2021).
Risk for injury (child) associated with parent's knowledge deficit of home safety measures to prevent child injuries
Caution parents on home safety precautions (e.g., gates at stairways, removal of objects that may cause unnecessary falls, avoiding leaving child near water alone) based on child’s level of musculoskeletal development. Develop home safety checklist with parents. Teach normal milestones of musculoskeletal development, and advise parent to encourage these skills as appropriate.
Risk for musculoskeletal injuries associated with unstable gait, decalcification of bones secondary to sedentary lifestyle and postmenopausal state
Discuss importance of calcium supplements in diet for postmenopausal women. Explain effects of exercise on decreasing bone decalcification.
Explain the correct use of aids (e.g., crutches, canes, walkers) and other prostheses. Use referrals as necessary. Instruct client on measures to prevent falls (e.g., adequate lighting, avoidance of loose board ends and scatter rugs on floor). Discourage use of sleeping pills and suggest alternate methods of promoting sleep (e.g., watching TV, reading, warm bath, music, warm milk).
Poor mobility, flexibility, and gait associated with sedentary lifestyle secondary to weakness and poor memory with aging process
Instruct client on the hazards of immobility and methods to prevent complications (e.g., turning, coughing, deep breathing, repositioning, ROM, adequate diet, plentiful fluid intake, diversional activities). Encourage mild exercise to loosen joint stiffness.
Assess safe level of activity with the client, and teach methods to increase activity gradually to that level. Explore alternate self-help methods of maintaining self-care (e.g., feeding aids, wheelchairs, crutches, hygienic aids). Assist the client with identifying and utilizing services and groups to assist with activities of daily living (e.g., Meals on Wheels). Support and teach family caregivers.