Notes
- Normal (eupnea): Regular and comfortable at 12 to 20 breaths/min.
- Tachypnea: >20 breaths/min.
- Bradypnea: <12 breaths/min.
- Hyperventilation: Rapid, deep respiration >20 breaths/min.
- Apneustic: Neurological: sustained inspiratory effort.
- Cheyne–Stokes: Neurological: alternating patterns of depth separated by brief periods of apnea.
- Kussmaul: Rapid, deep, and labored: common in DKA.
- Air trapping: Difficulty during expiration: emphysema.