ris-ED-roe-nate

Therapeutic Classification: bone resorption inhibitors

Pharmacologic Classification:

• Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.
• Treatment of Paget's disease in men and women.
• Treatment of osteoporosis in men.

• Inhibits bone resorption by binding to bone hydroxyapatite, which inhibits osteoclast activity.

• Reversal of the progression of osteoporosis with decreased fractures and other sequelae.
• Reduced bone turnover and resorption; normalization of serum alkaline phosphatase with reduced complications of Paget’s disease.

Absorption: Rapidly but poorly absorbed following oral administration (0.63% bioavailability).

Distribution: 60% of absorbed dose distributes to bone.

Metabolism/Excretion: 40% of absorbed dose is excreted unchanged by kidneys; unabsorbed drug is excreted in feces.

Half-life: Initial: 1.5 hr; terminal: 220 hr (reflects dissociation from bone).

(effects on serum alkaline phosphatase)

Contraindicated in:

• Hypersensitivity
• Severe renal impairment (CCr <30 mL/min)
• Hypocalcemia
• Abnormalities of the esophagus, which delay esophageal emptying (i.e., strictures, achalasia)
• Inability to stand/sit upright for at least 30 min
• OB: Pregnancy.

Use Cautiously in:

• History of upper GI disorders
• Other disturbances of bone or mineral metabolism (correct abnormalities before initiating therapy)
• Dietary deficiencies (supplemental vitamin D and calcium may be required)
• Invasive dental procedures, cancer, receiving chemotherapy, corticosteroids, angiogenesis inhibitors, poor oral hygeine, periodontal disease, dental disease, anemia, coagulopathy, infection, or poorly fitting dentures (may ↑ risk of jaw osteonecrosis)
• Lactation: Use while breastfeeding only if potential maternal benefit justifies potential risk to infant.

CV: chest pain, edema.

Derm: rash, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS.

EENT: amblyopia, conjunctivitis, dry eyes, eye pain/inflammation, tinnitus.

GI: abdominal pain, diarrhea, belching, colitis, constipation, dysphagia, esophageal cancer, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, gastric ulcer, nausea.

MS: arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain, femur fractures, osteonecrosis (primarily of jaw).

Neuro: weakness.

Resp: asthma exacerbation.
Misc: flu-like syndrome.

Drug-Drug:

• Concurrent use with NSAIDs or aspirin↑ risk of GI irritation.
• Absorption is ↓ by calcium supplements or antacids.
• Proton pump inhibitors and H₂ antagonists may cause a faster release of drug from the delayed-release product that can ↑ levels; concurrent use not recommended

Drug-Food:

• Food ↓ absorption (administer at least 30 min before breakfast).

Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

• PO (Adults): 5 mg once daily (immediate-release tablets) or 35 mg once weekly (immediate- or delayed-release tablets) or 75 mg taken on 2 consecutive days for a total of 2 tablets each mo (immediate-release tablets) or 150 mg once monthly (immediate-release tablets).

Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

• PO (Adults): 5 mg once daily (immediate-release tablets).

Treatment of Osteoporosis in Men

• PO (Adults): 35 mg once weekly (immediate-release tablets).

Treatment of Paget's Disease

• PO (Adults): 30 mg once daily for 2 mo (immediate-release tablets); retreatment may be considered after 2 mo off therapy.

(Generic available)

• Immediate-release tablets: 5 mg; 30 mg; 35 mg; 150 mg;
• Delayed-release tablets (Atelvia): 35 mg;

• Perform a routine oral exam prior to initiation of therapy. Dental exam with appropriate preventative dentistry should be considered prior to therapy. Patients with history of tooth extraction, poor oral hygiene, gingival infections, diabetes, or use of a dental appliance or those taking immunosuppressive therapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, or systemic corticosteroids are at greater risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw.
• Osteoporosis: Assess patients via bone density study for low bone mass before and periodically during therapy.
• Paget’s disease: Assess for symptoms of Paget’s disease (bone pain, headache, decreased visual and auditory acuity, increased skull size).

• Osteoporosis: Assess serum calcium before and periodically during therapy. Hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency should be treated before initiating alendronate therapy. May cause mild, transient ↑ of calcium and phosphate.
  • Paget’s disease: Monitor alkaline phosphatase prior to and periodically during therapy to monitor effectiveness of therapy.

• Do not confuse Actonel with Actos.
• PO: Administer Actonel first thing in the morning with 6–8 oz of water, 30 min prior to other medications, beverages, or food. Waiting longer than 30 min will improve absorption. Administer Atelvia right after breakfast with at least 4 oz of water. DNC: Swallow tablet whole; do not crush, break, or chew.
  • Calcium-, magnesium-, or aluminum-containing agents may interfere with absorption of risedronate and should be taken at a different time of day with food.
  • Avoid administering delayed-release product with proton pump inhibitors or H₂ antagonists; may allow a faster release and increased drug level.

• Instruct patient on the importance of taking as directed. Risedronate should be taken with 6–8 oz of water (mineral water, orange juice, coffee, and other beverages decrease absorption). If a dose of Actonel 35 is missed, take 1 tablet the morning remembered, then return to the 1 tablet/wk on the originally scheduled day; do not take 2 pills at once. If 1 or both tablets of Actonel 75 are missed and the next month's scheduled doses are more than 7 days away: if both Actonel 75 doses are missed, take 1 the morning remembered and 1 the next morning. If only 1 Actonel 75 tablet is missed: take the missed tablet on the morning of the day after you remember, then return to original schedule. Do not take more than two 75 mg tablets within 7 days. If 1 or both tablets of Actonel 75 are missed and the next month's scheduled doses are within 7 days, omit and return to schedule next mo. If 1 or both tablets of Actonel 150 are missed and the next month's scheduled doses are more than 7 days away, take the missed tablet on the morning of the day after you remember, then return to original schedule. Do not take more than two 150-mg tablets within 7 days. If 1 or both tablets of Actonel 75 are missed and the next month's scheduled doses are within 7 days, omit and return to schedule next mo. Encourage patient to read the Medication Guide before starting therapy and with each Rx refill in case of changes.
• Caution patients to remain upright for 30 min following dose to facilitate passage to stomach and minimize risk of esophageal irritation.
• Advise patient to eat a balanced diet and consult health care professional about the need for supplemental calcium and vitamin D (see Appendix M).
• Inform patient that severe musculoskeletal pain may occur within days, mo, or yr after starting risedronate. Symptoms my resolve completely after discontinuation or slow or incomplete resolution may occur. Notify health care professional if severe pain occurs.
• Advise patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and to consult with health care professional before taking other medications.
• Encourage patient to participate in regular exercise and to modify behaviors that increase the risk of osteoporosis (stop smoking, reduce alcohol consumption).
• Advise patient to practice good mouth care during therapy and to notify health care professional if signs and symptoms of osteonecrosis of the jaw (jaw pain, toothache, sores on gums) occur.
• Advise patient to inform health care professional of risedronate therapy prior to dental surgery.
• May cause fetal harm. Advise females of reproductive potential to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected and to avoid breastfeeding during therapy. May impair female and male fertility.

• Reversal of the progression of osteoporosis with decreased fractures and other sequelae. For patients at low risk of fracture, discontinue after 3 to 5 yr of use.
• Decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase and the progression of Paget’s disease.

Actonel, Atelvia

Actonel DR