section name header

Pronunciation

zoe-NISS-a-mide

Classifications

Therapeutic Classification: anticonvulsants

Pharmacologic Classification: sulfonamides

Indications

REMS

Action

Therapeutic Effects:

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed following oral administration.

Distribution: Well distributed to extravascular tissues. Binds extensively to red blood cells.

Metabolism/Excretion: Mostly metabolized by the liver via the CYP3A4 isoenzyme; 35% excreted unchanged in urine.

Half-life: 63 hr (plasma).

Time/Action Profile

(plasma concentrations†)

ROUTEONSETPEAKDURATION
POunknown2–6 hr (capsule); 0.5–5 hr (oral suspension)24 hr

†Requires 2 wk of dosing to achieve steady-state plasma concentrations.

Contraind./Precautions

Contraindicated in:

Use Cautiously in:

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects

Derm: DRUG REACTION WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS (DRESS), oligohydrosis ( in children), rash, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS.

EENT: amblyopia, angle closure glaucoma, intraocular pressure, myopia, pharyngitis, tinnitus.

F and E: metabolic acidosis.

GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting.

GU: kidney stones.

Metab: hyperammonemia, hyperthermia ( in children).

Neuro: drowsiness, fatigue, abnormal gait, agitation/irritability, depression, dizziness, encephalopathy, hyperesthesia, incoordination, psychomotor slowing, psychosis, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, tremor, weakness.

Resp: cough.

Interactions

Drug-Drug:

Route/Dosage

Availability

(Generic available)

Assessment

Lab Test Considerations:

Implementation

Patient/Family Teaching

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes

US Brand Names

Zonegran, Zonisade