Ophthalmic, Nasal, Topical, and Otic Products
OPHTHALMIC PRODUCTS
ANESTHETICSchloroprocaine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (klor'-o-proe-kane)
Trade Name(s): Iheezo
lidocaine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (lye'doe-kane)
Trade Name(s): Akten
proparacaine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (proe-par'a-kane)
Trade Name(s): Alcaine, Ocu-Caine, Ophthetic, Parcaine
tetracaine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (tet'ra-kane)
Pronunciation: (al-caf'tah-deen)
Trade Name(s): Lastacaft
azelastine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (ay-zell'ah-steen)
Trade Name(s): Optivar
epinastine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (ep-een-as'teen)
Trade Name(s): Elistat
ketotifen (OTC)
Pronunciation: (kee-toh-tif'en)
Trade Name(s): Alaway, Zaditor
levocabastine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (lee-voh-cab'ah-steen)
Trade Name(s): Livostin
olopatadine (OTC, Rx)
Pronunciation: (oh-loh-pat'ah-deen)
Trade Name(s): Pataday, Patanol
ANTIINFECTIVESazithromycin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (ay-zi-thro-my'sin)
Trade Name(s): AzaSite
besifloxacin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (be'si-flox'a-sin)
Trade Name(s): Besivance
ciprofloxacin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (sip-ro-floks'a-sin)
Trade Name(s): Ciloxan
erythromycin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (er-ith-roe-mye'sin)
ganciclovir (Rx)
Pronunciation: (gan-sye'kloe-vir)
Trade Name(s): Zirgan
gatifloxacin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (gat-ih-floks'ah-sin)
Trade Name(s): Zymaxid
gentamicin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (jen-ta-mye'sin)
Trade Name(s): Gentak
levofloxacin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (lee-voh-flock'sah-sin)
moxifloxacin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (mox-i-flox'a-sin)
Trade Name(s): Moxeza, Vigamox
natamycin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (nat-a-mye'sin)
Trade Name(s): Natacyn
ofloxacin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (oh-floks'a-sin)
Trade Name(s): Ocuflox
silver nitrate 1% (Rx) sulfacetamide sodium (Rx)
Pronunciation: (sul-fa-seet'a-mide)
Trade Name(s): Bleph-10
tobramycin (Rx)
Pronunciation: (toe-bra-mye'sin)
Trade Name(s): Tobrex
trifluridine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (trye-floor'i-deen)
Trade Name(s): Viroptic
ß-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
betaxolol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (beh-tax'oh-lole)
Trade Name(s): Betoptic-S
carteolol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (kar-tee'oh-lole)
levobetaxolol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (lee-voh-beh-tax'oh-lohl)
Trade Name(s): Betaxon
levobunolol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (lee-voe-byoo'no-lole)
Trade Name(s): Betagen
metipranolol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (met-ee-pran'oh-lole)
timolol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (tym'moe-lole)
Trade Name(s): Betimol, Timoptic, Timoptic Ocudose, Timoptic-XE
brinzolamide (Rx)
Pronunciation: (brin-zoh'la-mide)
Trade Name(s): Azopt
dorzolamide (Rx)
Pronunciation: (dor-zol'a-mide)
Trade Name(s): Trusopt
Pronunciation: (direct-acting)
acetylcholine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (ah-see-til-koe'leen)
Trade Name(s): Miochol-E
carbachol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (kar'ba-kole)
Trade Name(s): Isopto Carbachol, Miostat
pilocarpine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (pye-loe-kar'peen)
Trade Name(s): Isopto Carpine, Vuity
CHOLINESTERASE
INHIBITORS
physostigmine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (fi-zoe-stig'meen)
CORTICOSTEROIDS
dexamethasone (Rx)
Pronunciation: (dex-a-meth'a-sone)
Trade Name(s): Dextenza, Maxidex, Ozurdex
fluorometholone (Rx)
Pronunciation: (flure-oh-meth'oh-lone)
Trade Name(s): Flarex, FML, FML Forte, FML S.O.P.
loteprednol (Rx)
Pronunciation: (loe-tee-pred-nole)
Trade Name(s): Alrex, EYsuVIS, Inveltys, Lotemax, Lotemax SM
prednisoLONE (Rx)
Pronunciation: (pred-niss'oh-lone)
Trade Name(s): Pred-Forte, Pred Mild
atropine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (a'troe-peen)
cyclopentolate (Rx)
Pronunciation: (sye-kloe-pen'toe-late)
Trade Name(s): Cyclogyl
homatropine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (home-a'troe-peen)
phenylephrine (OTC)
Pronunciation: (fen-ill-ef'rin)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORIES
bromfenac (Rx)
Pronunciation: (brome'fen-ak)
Trade Name(s): BromSite, Prolensa
diclofenac (Rx)
Pronunciation: (dye-kloe'fen-ak)
flurbiprofen (Rx)
Pronunciation: (flure-bi'pro-fen)
Trade Name(s): Ocufen
ketorolac (Rx)
Pronunciation: (kee-toe'role-ak)
Trade Name(s): Acular, Acular LS, Acuvail
nepafenac (Rx)
Pronunciation: (ne-pa-fen'ak)
Trade Name(s): Ilevro, Nevanac
PROSTAGLANDIN RECEPTOR AGONIST
omidenepag (Rx)
SYMPATHOMIMETICS
apraclonidine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (a-pra-klon'i-deen)
Trade Name(s): Iopidine
brimonidine (Rx)
Pronunciation: (brem-on'i-dine)
Trade Name(s): Alphagan P, Lumify
latanoprostene bunod (Rx)
Pronunciation: (la-tan-oh-pros'teen bu'nod)
Trade Name(s): Vyzulta
OPHTHALMIC DECONGESTANTS/VASOCONSTRICTORS
lodoxamide (loe-dox'ah-mide)
naphazoline (OTC)
Pronunciation: (naf-az'oh-leen)
Trade Name(s): AK-Con, All Clear Eye Drops, All Clear AR Maximum Strength Ophthalmic Solution, Clear Eyes Redness Relief, GoodSense Redness Relief Plus
tetrahydrozoline (OTC)
Pronunciation: (tet-ra-hye-dro'zoe-leen)
Trade Name(s): Eye Drops, Visine Red Eye
MISCELLANEOUS OPHTHALMICS
bimatoprost (Rx)
Pronunciation: (bih-mat'o-prost)
Trade Name(s): Durysta, Latisse, Lumigan
Pronunciation: (sye'kloe-spor-een)
Trade Name(s): Cequa, Restasis, Verkazia
latanoprost (Rx)
Pronunciation: (la-tan'oh-prost)
Trade Name(s): Xalatan, Xelpros
travoprost (Rx)
Pronunciation: (tra'voe-prost)
Trade Name(s): Travatan Z
unoprostone (Rx)
Pronunciation: (yoo-noe-pros'tone)
Trade Name(s): Rescula
β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
ACTION: Reduces production of aqueous humor by unknown mechanism
ANESTHETICS
ACTION: Decreases ion permeability by stabilizing neuronal membrane
ANTIINFECTIVES
ACTION: Inhibits folic acid synthesis by preventing PABA use, which is necessary for bacterial growth
ANTIINFLAMMATORIES
ACTION: Decreases inflammation, resulting in decreased pain, photophobia, hyperemia, cellular infiltration
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
ACTION: Converted to epINEPHrine, which decreases aqueous production and increases outflow
DIRECT-ACTING MIOTIC
ACTION: Acts directly on cholinergic receptor sites; induces miosis, spasm of accommodation, fall in intraocular pressure, caused by stimulation of ciliary, pupillary sphincter muscles, which leads to pulling away of iris from filtration angle, resulting in increased outflow of aqueous humor
β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
USES: Ocular hypertension, chronic open-angle glaucoma
ANESTHETICS
USES: Cataract extraction, tonometry, gonioscopy, removal of foreign objects, corneal suture removal, glaucoma surgery (ophthalmic); pruritus, sunburn, toothache, sore throat, cold sores, oral pain, rectal pain and irritation, control of gagging (topical)
ANTIINFECTIVES
USES:Conjunctivitis, superficial eye infections, corneal ulcers, prophylaxis against infection after removal of foreign matter from the eye
ANTIINFLAMMATORIES
USES: Inflammation of eye, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea; uveitis, iridocyclitis, allergic conditions, burns, foreign bodies, postoperatively in cataract
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
USES: Open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension
DIRECT-ACTING MIOTIC
USES: Primary glaucoma, early stages of wide-angle glaucoma (less useful in advanced stages), chronic open-angle glaucoma, acute closed-angle glaucoma before emergency surgery; also neutralizes mydriatics used during eye exam; may be used alternately with mydriatics to break adhesions between iris and lens
DIRECT-ACTING MIOTIC
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity
Precautions: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, aphakia, hypersensitivity to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, ocular inhibitors, renal/hepatic insufficiency
AdministerStorage at room temperature away from light
Monitor ophthalmic exams and intraocular pressure readings
Monitor blood counts; renal/hepatic function tests and serum electrolytes during long-term treatment
Teach how to instill drops
Advise patient that product may cause burning, itching, blurring, dryness of eye area
Evaluate
Absence of increased intraocular pressure
ACTION: Produces vasoconstriction (rapid, long acting) of arterioles, thereby decreasing fluid exudation, mucosal engorgement by stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle
Therapeutic outcome: Absence of nasal congestion
USES: Nasal congestion
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines
Precautions: Pregnancy, children <6 yr, geriatric patients, diabetes, CV disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, increased ICP, prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma
AdministerHave patient tilt head back, squeeze bulb to create a vacuum, and draw correct amount of sol into dropper; insert 2 gtt of sol into nostril; repeat in other nostril
Store in light-resistant container; do not expose to high temperature or let sol come into contact with aluminum
Give for <4 consecutive days
Provide environmental humidification to decrease nasal congestion, dryness