Hemodynamic perturbations are common during intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Both hypotensive and hypertensive emergencies threaten cardiovascular system’s ability to provide sufficient oxygen and metabolic substrates to meet the demands of the body’s tissues. In the event that supply is insufficient to meet demand, pathophysiologic alterations lead to the clinical manifestations of progressive end-organ damage, be it neurologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, hematologic, or musculocutaneous. The goal of the hemodynamic management of such patients is to maintain end-organ oxygenation and perfusion in order to preserve function.