| Acute | Chronic |
|---|---|
| Sepsis | Malignancy (hematologic or solid organ) |
| Shock | Liver disease |
| Trauma | Vascular abnormalities |
| Head injury | Aortic aneurysm |
| Crush injury | Aortic dissection |
| Burns (extensive) | Peritoneovenous shunt |
| Extracorporeal circulation (eg, ECMO) | Intra-aortic balloon pump |
| Pregnancy catastrophes | |
| Placental abruption | |
| Amniotic fluid embolus | |
| Septic abortion | |
| Embolism of fat or cholesterol | |
| Hepatic failure (severe) | |
| Toxic/immune reactions (severe) | |
| Snake bites | |
| Hemolytic transfusion reactions |
ECMO, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation.