Fat embolus usually presents 12 to 72 hours (rarely as late as 2 weeks) after the trauma has occurred. It is most often associated with long bone fractures (femur, humerous) or pelvic fractures. However, it also can be associated with tissue trauma (chest contusion with rib fractures), post-orthopedic surgery, or burns. The classic presentation of fat embolism is the triad of symptoms listed in the order of appearance: hypoxia, neuro changes (level of consciousness changes, confusion, seizures), and petechial rash. Symptoms resolve with resolution of fat embolism (Carr & Hansen, 1990; King & Harmon, 1994).
For those at high risk for fat embolism, corticosteroid prophylaxis may prove beneficial as well as early immobilization; supportive care is the treatment of choice, and typically the response is good (Jacobson, Terrence, & Reinmuth, 1986).