The patient population undergoing these procedures consists of patients with known or suspected cancer (pancreatic, hepatic, gall-bladder, gastric), patients at risk of developing Barrett’s esophagus or colonic polyps, and patients with gastroesophageal reflux. In addition, these patients may have other comorbidities (diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, renal disease, hepatitis, pregnancy) that need to be considered in the anesthetic preoperative evaluation. Another segment of the adult gastrointestinal patient population consists of liver transplant patients. (Cole & Schlunt, 2004, p. 392)