• Check the accuracy of all fluid orders with the same care used to calculate drug dosages; remember that infants and young children become dehydrated or fluid-overloaded more rapidly than adults
• Isotonic IV solution for a child younger than 5 years is usually D5.2NS, which is different from adult isotonic solution because of the child’s greater extracellular fluid volume
• Isotonic IV solution for a child older than 5 years is usually D5.45NS
• Hang a volume control chamber, such as a Buretrol, below the IV bag if indicated; especially important if no pump is available
• Use a microdrop device for infants and young children (when using a microdrop device, mL/hr is equal to gtts/min)
• If possible, place the IV tubing on a pump to decrease the possibility of accidental fluid overload
• Select the smallest needle or IV catheter that will allow delivery of the ordered fluids
• Prepare small sections of tape and any splint that is to be used before inserting the needle or catheter
• Arrange assistance to restrain child as described under IM Injections
• After IV fluids are begun, monitor IV site closely for infiltration
• KVO (keep vein open) is a term used when no parenteral fluids are needed but frequent IV medications are being administered; KVO means to set the IV rate to run as slowly as possible without allowing the needle or catheter to develop a clot
• To prevent fluid overload, do not add more than 2 hours’ worth of fluid to the Buretrol or IV pump

Venous access in child.