Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage (International Association for the Study of Pain); sudden or slow onset of any intensity from mild to severe, constant or recurring without an anticipated or predictable end, and with duration of greater than 3 months
Altered ability to continue activities
Anorexia
Evidence of pain using standardized pain behavior checklist for those unable to communicate verbally
Expresses fatigue
Facial expression of pain
Proxy report of activity changes
Proxy report of pain behavior
Reports altered sleep-wake cycle
Reports intensity using standardized pain scale
Reports pain characteristics using standardized pain instrument
Self-focused
Body mass index above normal range for age and gender
Injury agent
Malnutrition
Prolonged computer use
Psychological distress
Repeated handling of heavy loads
Whole-body vibration
Individuals aged > 50 years
Individuals with history of being abused
Individuals with history of genital mutilation
Individuals with history of overindebtedness
Individuals with history of static work postures
Individuals with history of substance misuse
Individuals with history of vigorous exercise
Central nervous system sensitization
Chronic musculoskeletal diseases
Contusion
Crush syndrome
Imbalance of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and receptors
Immune system diseases
Impaired metabolism
Inborn genetic diseases
Ischemia
Neoplasms
Nerve compression syndromes
Nervous system diseases
Post-trauma-related condition
Prolonged increase in cortisol level
Soft tissue injuries
Spinal cord injuries