A. Cytotoxic Therapies

1. Chemotherapy
   1. Especially 5-fluorouracil
   2. Methotrexate
   3. Capecitabine (Xeloda®)
   4. High-dose chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplantation
2. Radiation therapy
   1. Involving oral cavity
   2. Radiation enteritis

B. Infections

1. Viral
   1. Herpes Simplex
   2. Cytomegalovirus (usually in HIV+ or organ transplant hosts)
2. Fungal
   1. Candidiasis
   2. Histoplasmosis
3. Tuberculosis

C. Other Inflammatory Diseases

1. Condistions Related to Aphthous Stomatitis
   1. Aphthous stomatitis
   2. Herpetiform aphthous stomatitis
   3. Major aphthous stomatitis
2. Autoimmune Skin Disorders
   1. Lichen planus
   2. Pemphigus vulgaris
   3. Cicatricial pemphigoid
   4. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisitia
   5. Linear IgA dermatitis
3. Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
   1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
   2. Bechet's Disease
4. Malignancy - Lymphoma

D. Other Causes

1. Nicorandil [2]

References

1. Gallagher GT and Lyle S. 2002. NEJM. 347(6):430 (Case Record)
2. Watson A, Ozairi OA, Fraser A, et al. 2002. Lancet. 360(9332):546