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Info


A. Cardiovascular [1]

  1. Myocardial Ischemia / Infarction
  2. Pericarditis
  3. Myocarditis
  4. Aortic Dissection (usually pain to the back)
  5. Endocarditis

B. Pulmonary / Mediastinal

  1. Pneumonia
  2. Pneumothorax
  3. Pleuritis - inflammation of pleural tissues
  4. Musculoskeletal Pain
    1. Costochondritis
    2. Muscle pull
    3. Borneholme's Syndrome (cocksackievirus)
    4. Tietze's Syndome
  5. Trauma
  6. Mediastinal Emphysema
  7. Shortness of Breath

C. Gastrointestinal (Visceral)

  1. Gastritis
  2. Reflux esophagitis (GERD)
  3. Abnormal esophageal compliance [2]
  4. Cholecystitis [3]

D. Psychiatric

  1. Phobia / Anxiety Attack
  2. Panic Disorder / panic attack [4]
  3. Munchausen's Syndrome

[Figure] "Evaluation of Angina"

Resources

calcDuke Score

References

  1. Lee TH and Goldman L. 2000. NEJM. 342(16):1187 abstract
  2. Rao SSC, Gregersen H, Hayek B, et al. 1996. Ann Intern Med. 124(11):950 abstract
  3. Thomas LR, Baden L, Zaleznik DF. 1999. NEJM. 341(15):1134 (Case Discussion) abstract
  4. Katon WJ. 2006. NEJM. 354(22):2360 abstract