1. Which of the following statement(s) are true concerning Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) [1] ?

   I. Patients typically have hyperfunctioning left ventricles, with ejection fractions usually >60%
   II. Patients with acquired LVH typically do NOT have concentric hypertrophy
   III. Many different genetic loci have been associated with familial HCM including mutations associated in sarcomere proteins
   IV. Patients with familial HCM typically have septal hypertrophy with normal left ventricles
   V. The main cause of death in HCM of any type is congestive heart failure

   
   A. I, II and III are correct concerning HCM
   B. I and III are correct concerning HCM
   C. II and IV are correct concerning HCM
   D. V alone is correct concerning HCM
   E. All of the above are correct concerning HCM

   
   

2. All of the following are indications for radiofrequency catheter ablation of conduction system EXCEPT [2]:

   
   A. Drug Resistant, Symptomatic Atrial Flutter
   B. Drug Resistant, Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation
   C. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
   D. Supraventricular Tachycardias (SVT)
   E. Monofocal Ventricular Tachycardia

   
   

3. The preferred first line treatment for infarction-associated polyfocal ventricular tachycardia is [3]:

   
   A. Revascularization only
   B. Revascularization and amiodarone
   C. Revascularization and sotalol
   D. Revascularization and placement of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
   E. Amiodarone and ICD

   
   

4. All of the following are reasonable treatments for Torsades des Pointes EXCEPT [4]:

   
   A. Magnesium
   B. Lidocaine
   C. Isoproterenol
   D. Overdrive Pacemaker
   E. Atropine

   
   

5. All of the following are characteristic of atrial myxomas EXCEPT [5]:

   
   A. Elevated serum interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein levels
   B. Peripheral embolic events
   C. Systemic symptoms: fever, letheragy, fatigue
   D. Elevated serum interferon gamma levels
   E. Dyspnea on exertion or shortness of breath

   
   

6. Tricuspid valve disorders have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT [6]:

   
   A. Endocarditis associated with intravenous drug abuse
   B. Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract
   C. Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
   D. Serotonergic appatite suppressants
   E. Ergot Alkaloids

   
   

7. Which of the following statement(s) are true concerning coronary angioplasty with stent placement [7] ?

   I. Sirolimus-coated stents provide a marked reduction in angiographic restenosis rate compared with non-coated stents and with angioplasty alone
   II. Compared with coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty with stents provides similar long term outcomes in most patients with single or double vessel coronary artery disease
   III. Addition of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors such as abciximab (Reopro®), eptifibatide (Integrilin®), or tirofiban (Aggrastat®) leads to improved outcomes at 6 and 12 months
   IV. Compared with angioplasty alone, stents provide reduction in acute thrombosis of target vessel (within 14 days)
   V. Compared with non-drug coated stents, sirolimus-coated stents reduce the incidence of acute reinfarction

   
   A. I, II and III are correct concerning coronary angioplasty with stent placement
   B. I and III are correct concerning coronary angioplasty with stent placement
   C. II and IV are correct concerning coronary angioplasty with stent placement
   D. V alone is correct concerning coronary angioplasty with stent placement
   E. All of the above are correct concerning coronary angioplasty with stent placement

   
   

8. Coronary stenting with angioplasty is preferred over angioplasty alone in all of the following EXCEPT [8]:

   
   A. Patients with diabetes mellitus
   B. Patients with significant isolated left anterior descending (LAD) lesions
   C. Patients with multivessel disease who are poor cardiac surgical (CABG) candidates
   D. Patients with a history of limiting peripheral vascular disease
   E. Patients with distal coronary artery disease in small vessels

   
   

9. In patients with pericarditis, which ONE of the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG) is most compatible with the presence of a pericardial effusion compared with its absence [9] ?

   
   A. Diffuse ST segment elevations
   B. Electrical alternans
   C. PR interval depression
   D. Low voltage
   E. Atrial fibrillation

   
   

10. In comparison with serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels, serum troponin I or T levels [10]:

    
    A. Only identify patients with myocardial ischemia and multivessel disease
    B. Are more sensitive to myocardial damage and identify patients at high risk for recurrent ischemia
    C. Require at least 6 more hours to become elevated following myocardial damage
    D. Identify patients less likely to benefit from potent anti-platelet therapy
    E. Cannot be used to rule out myocardial infarction

    
    

11. Concerning aortic atenosis, please select the correct answer [11]:

    I. Medical therapy is usually suboptimal
    II. Nitroprusside can be safely used with careful monitoring in patients with severe aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
    III. Diuretics should be avoided in patients with severe aortic stenosis
    IV. Afterload reduction has been shown to reduce mortality in severe and moderate aortic stenosis
    V. Slowing the ventricular rate into the low normal range is not beneficial in aortic stenosis

    
    A. I, II, and III are correct
    B. I and III are correct
    C. II and IV are correct
    D. IV is correct
    E. V is correct

    
    

Answers

1. A
2. C
3. D
4. E
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. E
9. B
10. B
11. A