1. Which of the following are (is) true concerning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [1] ?
   I. Initial combination regimens should include at least one protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
   II. Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) is highly effective as a single agent
   III. Combination antiretroviral therapy has been shown to prolong life
   IV. Combination antiretroviral therapy reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections only for CD4 counts >500/µL
   V. The therapeutic regimen should only be changed when viral load levels increase AND when CD4 counts decline
   

   
   A. I, II and III are true concerning HAART
   B. I and III are true concerning HAART
   C. II and IV are true concerning HAART
   D. Only V is true concerning HAART
   E. All of the above statements are true concerning HAART

   
   

2. Which of the following concerning anti-retroviral prophylaxis in persons exposed to HIV are (is)true [2] ?
   I. Antiretroviral prophylaxis is recommended for health care workers exposed to HIV+ fluids
   II. Combination antiretroviral therapy is recommended to prevent HIV transmission
   III. Combination highly active antiretroviral therapy can completely prevent HIV transmission
   IV. Single agents are nearly as effective as combination therapy in preventing HIV transmission
   V. Combination therapy to prevent HIV transmission should not include protease inhibitors
   

   
   A. I, II and III are true concerning anti-retroviral prophylaxis in persons exposed to HIV
   B. I and III are true concerning anti-retroviral prophylaxis in persons exposed to HIV
   C. II and IV are true concerning anti-retroviral prophylaxis in persons exposed to HIV
   D. Only V is true concerning anti-retroviral prophylaxis in persons exposed to HIV
   E. All of the above statements are true concerning anti-retroviral prophylaxis in persons exposed to HIV

   
   

3. Interferon alpha has been shown to be effective in reducing disease burden in all of the following EXCEPT [3]:

   
   A. Hepatitis C Virus
   B. Hepatitis B Virus
   C. Hepatitis A Virus
   D. Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus
   E. Hairy Cell Leukemia

   
   

4. Of the following agents, which is MOST effective against systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection [4] ?

   
   A. Valacyclovir (Valtrex®)
   B. Famciclovir (Famvir®)
   C. Ribavirin (Virazole®, others)
   D. Cidofovir (Vistide®)
   E. Ganciclovir (Cytovene®)

   
   

5. Which of the following agents is active against BOTH Influenza A and Influenza B [5] ?
   I. Zanamivir (Relenza®)
   II. Amantadine (Symmetrel®)
   III. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®)
   IV. Rimantidine (Flumadine®)
   V. Valganciclovir (Valcyte®)
   

   
   A. I, II, and III are active against both Influenza A and B
   B. I and III are active against both Influenza A and B
   C. II and IV are active against both Influenza A and B
   D. V alone is active against both Influenza A and B
   E. None of the agents above is active against both Influenza A and B

   
   

6. The major dose-limiting side effect of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate is [6]:

   
   A. Alopecia
   B. Bone marrow suppression
   C. Nausea and vomiting
   D. Neuropathy
   E. Mucositis

   
   

7. All of the following are DNA damaging agents EXCEPT [7]:

   
   A. Adriamycin (Doxorubicin®, others)
   B. Docetaxel (Taxotere®)
   C. Irinotecan (Camptosar®)
   D. Carboplatin (Paraplatin®)
   E. Ifosfamide (Ifex®)

   
   

8. Which of the following are (is) true concerning hormonal therapy for cancer [8] ?
   I. Prostate cancers resistant to one androgen ablation therapy are often sensitive to another
   II. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are selective estrogen response modifiers structurally distinct from estrogen
   III. Combination hormonal blockade is currently recommended for the treatment breast cancer
   IV. Breast cancers resistant to one estrogen ablation therapy are often sensitive to another
   V. Pure androgen receptor blockers are often used alone in the treatment of prostate cancer
   

   
   A. I, II, and III are true concerning hormonal therapy for cancer
   B. I and III are true concerning hormonal therapy for cancer
   C. II and IV are true concerning hormonal therapy for cancer
   D. V alone is true concerning hormonal therapy for cancer
   E. None of the statements are true concerning hormonal therapy for cancer

   
   

9. Which of the following statement(s) are true concerning resistance to cancer chemotherapy [9] ?
   I. Primary neoplasms often have specific chemotherapeutic sensitivities
   II. Tumors which recur following combination chemotherapy are often broadly resistant to other classes of chemotherapuetic agents
   III. Many resistant tumors express pump proteins which pump out various toxins and drugs
   IV. Resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents is usually due to point mutations in tumor cell DNA
   V. Systemic metabolism of anticancer agents is fairly constant amongst patients, leading to relatively similar systemic levels between patients
   

   
   A. I, II, and III are true concerning resistance to chemotherapy
   B. I and III are true concerning resistance to chemotherapy
   C. II and IV are true concerning resistance to chemotherapy
   D. V alone is true concerning resistance to chemotherapy
   E. None of the statements are true concerning resistance to chemotherapy

   
   

10. Which of the following agents is MOST effective in the treatment of idiopathic hyper-aldosteronism [10] ?
    

    
    A. Enalapril
    B. Spironolactone
    C. Verapamil
    D. Loop Diuretics
    E. Dexamethasone

    
    

Answers

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. E
5. B
6. E
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B