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Info


A. Pretesticularnavigator

  1. Endocrine
    1. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
    2. Pituitary failure
    3. Hypothyroidism (possible)
  2. Coital Disorders
    1. Erectile Dysfunction - neural, psychological, vascular
    2. Ejaculatory Failure - surgical, neural, drug related, psychological

B. Testicularnavigator

  1. Genetic
    1. Klinefilter's Syndrome
    2. Y Chromosome Deletions - microdelations, macrodeletions
    3. Immotile Cilia Syndrome
  2. Congenital - cryptorchidism
  3. Infection - orchitis
  4. Neoplastic - testicular cancer
  5. Anti-spermatogenic Agents
    1. Heat
    2. Chemotherapy - particularly alkylating agents
    3. Drugs
    4. Irradiation
  6. Vascular Disease - torsion, varicocele
  7. Idiopathic

C. Post-Testicularnavigator

  1. Obstructive
    1. Epididymal - congenital, infective
    2. Vasal - genetic (cystic fibrosis), acquired (vasectomy)
  2. Accessory Gland Infection
  3. Immunological - idiopathic, post-vasectomy

References navigator

  1. de Kretser DM. 1997. Lancet. 349:787 abstract