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A. Non-Pathogenicnavigator

  1. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty
  2. Familial short stature
  3. Nutritional - inadequate intake

B. Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR)navigator

  1. Non-Syndromic, especially diabetes (microvascular insufficiency)
  2. Syndromic such as Silver-Russell Syndrome

C. Systemic Disordersnavigator

  1. Congenital heart disease and other cardiac disease
  2. Chronic renal insufficiency
  3. Chronic respiratory disease such as cystic fibrosis, severe asthma
  4. Gastrointestinal Malabsorption [2]
    1. Celiac Disease
    2. Inflammatory bowel disease
    3. Short gut syndrome
    4. Other causes of malabsorption
  5. Severe neurological disease such as brain tumor
  6. Psychosocial such as anorexia nervosa, child abuse

D. Endocrine Causesnavigator

  1. GH related diseases
  2. GH resistance
  3. Hypothyroidism
  4. Glucocorticoid excess: exogenous glucocorticoids, Cushing syndrome
  5. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (poorly managed)

E. Chromsomal and Genetic Causes navigator

  1. Turner's Syndrome
  2. Noonan Syndrome (see below)
  3. Down Syndrome
  4. Achondroplasia (hypochondroplasia)
  5. Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia
  6. Seckel syndrome
  7. Prader-Willi Syndrome
  8. Progeria
  9. Mucopolysaccharidoses
  10. Other Syndromes: Rothmund-Thompson, Leri-Weill

References navigator

  1. Dattani M and Preece M. 2004. Lancet. 363(9425):1977 abstract
  2. Israel EJ, Levitsky LL, Anupindi SA, Pitman MB. 2005. NEJM. 352(4):393 (Case Record) abstract