• Information
  1. Intrinsic Cardiac Disease
  2. Non-Cardiac Disease

A. Intrinsic Cardiac Disease

1. Idiopathic
2. Hypertension
3. Cardiomyopathy
   1. Dilated
   2. Hypertrophic
   3. Restrictive
4. Pericarditis, particularly constrictive
5. Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Valve Disease
6. Atrial Myxoma
7. Hyper-vagal tone - young persons with Atrial Fibrillation and low heart rates

B. Non-Cardiac Disease

1. "Holiday Heart" (overindulgence)
   1. Food (usually with salt) intake
   2. Alcohol
   3. Caffeine
2. Medications
   1. Theophylline
   2. ß-adrenergic agonists
   3. Stimulants
3. Pulmonary Disease
   1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
   2. Pneumonia
   3. Pleural effusion
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Hyperadrenalism
   1. Cushing's Syndrome
   2. Cushing's Disease
6. Pheochromocytoma